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OPT-In Clinical
Updates for May, 2013
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Why Dual Arch Impressions
Work or Not Work
What to do About
It
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New Dental Laboratory
Specialties
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Technology Management, a Huge
Differential
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Understanding How Adhesive
Systems Work
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OPT-In Laboratory Members
Near You
by
Dean Mersky, DDS
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Creating Excellence, Partnering
in Growth
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Who are We and Why are You
Receiving This?
In October, 2012, Dr. Dean Mersky
formed
A national
cooperative of small dental laboratory owners
Dedicated to
the growth and viability of Private Practice Dental
Offices.
A part of our support is providing
doctors with evidence-based
information about materials and
techniques key to patient care.
Look for the Logo in Choosing your
Laboratory Partner
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How We Decide Which
Materials and Manufacturer to Feature
The products and services we feature must have benefits supported by
independent research and be offered by companies dedicated to education in best
practices patient care, or, provide services that support patient care at the
highest levels. We understand the lines between advertisements and useful
clinical information can be blurry. We make sure that is not the case. For
example, we will not substantiate 24 hour bond strength reporting as
useful.
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Consistency with Dual Arch
Impressions
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Little Known Facts about Dual Arch Impressions
That can Make a Huge Difference
In Profitability and Productivity
Dual-arch impressions have been proven to provide highly
accurate impressions, sometimes more accurate than stock or custom trays.
Parker, in 1997 reported significantly more accurate maximal intercuspal
relationships when compared to mounted casts from full arch impressions.
Additionally, Cox wrote in 2005 that crowns fabricated from dual-arch
impressions are equivalent in marginal accuracy and superior occlusally to
crowns fabricated from the complete, single arch impression. However, all these
advantages are placed at risk if we use materials or techniques not designed for
dual arch impressions. Below, we will address these factors.
It All Begins with the Tray
The dual-arch technique takes less chair time, uses less material, and is
preferred by patients to help prevent gagging. They have a lot of benefits, so long as the right tray is
used.
Unfortunately, plastic trays easily flex and risk
distortion. The lost accuracy from plastic dual-arch tray flexure can result in 180-210 micron discrepancies, according
to findings reported by Carrotte et al, 1998. In fact, Cho and Chee found in
2004 that viscosity alone is enough to distort plastic trays. Several factors
work against plastic dual-arch trays, including contact with the palatal or
lingual tissues, or retromolar pad areas. Even patient swallowing during the
setting period can distort a plastic impression tray enough to destroy accuracy
of fit, contacts, and/or occlusion.
For best results, choose a highly rigid tray, like the
aluminum Quad-Tray Xtreme, from Clinician's Choice. I used these in my own
practice for several years, after being introduced to the company by the late
Dr. Bob Nixon, one of the preeminent cosmetic reconstruction dentists of his
era. Their use immediately cut seat times.
The reason they work well is due to the boxed aluminum
having no elastic memory. While rigid, the Quad-Tray Xtreme can still be
customized (as shown in image, above) and adapted to different arch
configurations. Design features such as low sidewalls, a short lingual wall and
thin distal bar prevent impingement that would cause distortion in other trays.
Additionally, the Quad-Tray Xtreme’s wide arch design prevents the teeth from
rubbing through the sides, as commonly experienced with plastic.
Top Left Photo: The Clinician's Choice Quad-Tray XL
(Xtra Long) is a full quadrant design, extending to the midline. The tapered
buccal/facial wall is perforated, and the lingual wall slotted to help lock the
impression material.
Top Right Photo: In contrast to Clinician's Choice trays, notice how the
plastic tray frame can be easily bent by anatomy or the tongue during the
impression, and then subject to rebound.
Contra Indications and Lab Guidance for Dual Arch
Impressions
Certain situations, such as group function occlusions,
do not lend themselves to simple dual-arch impressions. Terminal tooth
preparations and group function occlusions can lead to occlusal inaccuracies and
long seat-times when mounted to plastic hinge articulators, as discussed by
Thorton in 2002. Dual-arch impressions with a terminal tooth preparation are
best mounted to a metal articulator, while group function occlusion is best
managed with a mounted full arch impression. Another helpful note is for the
dual-arch case to be mounted to a plastic base with pinned dies to increase and
maintain accuracy during fabrication. Last, standard dual-arch impressions
should be limited to 2 preparations, while the extended, Quad-Tray XL can be
used for up to one, 3-unit bridge.
"When using an impression
material that is specifically designed to be used with the dual arch tray the
researchers observed 12 times the accuracy in the maximal intercuspal position
with the dual arch cast."
Mitchell SA Journal of Prosthodontics Oct 2009;18:585-588
Use an Impression Material Designed for Dual Arch
Impressions
Research conducted by Cho & Chee at the University of
Southern California showed that when the appropriate dual-arch impression
materials are not used, plastic trays are not stiff enough, meaning for dual
arch impressions, there needs to be a match between tray and impression
materials. This point was underscored by the ADA report, stating that
appropriate dual arch impression materials require a strain value of less than
2%.
Clinician's Choice offers an ideal dual arch, heavy
body, impression material, Affinity InFlex, the first material developed for the dual arch technique. With a low 1.3%
strain in compression value, and durometer hardness of 80-82, Affinity InFlex is
stiffer and stronger than putty and heavy body materials.
Affinity Light Body is the syringe material perfectly matched to work
with the stiffness of Affinity Inflex, illustrated in the photo, right. There are
three types of Affinity Light Body: RF (shown at right), High Flow, and Extra
Lite. We will spend time explaining their unique characteristics in future
editions.
Setting Times are not What We Think and can Lead to
Remakes
Drags, pulls, inaccuracies, and distortions can all be the results of not
understanding what manufacturer reported setting times really mean. First, we
need to understand the difference between setting time, and working time, and
how the two can actually vary from what has been reported.
Clinical
Tip
Drags, pulls, inaccuracies, and distortions can all be the results of not
understanding the true meaning of “manufacturer reported setting times.” In
fact, the differences between setting times and working times, and how the two
will vary, can be confusing when compared to what manufacturers have
reported.
Notice the pulls in the photo, left.
Another error to avoid is mismatching
light and heavy body materials. Differences in setting times can lead to
material gaps, as illustrated in the photo, right. To help avoid gaps, both
materials need to remain fluid and unpolymerized when seating the impression
tray.
Next Month
In future editions, we will
review how to solve common impression-taking problems, different impression
materials offerings, and explain proper techniques, which can often be
confusing: putty vs. heavy body, single phase vs. two-phase impression
techniques, etc.
If
you haven't yet tried Clinician's Choice Quad trays and Dual Arch impression
materials, based on their use in my practice, please do. You're in for a
pleasant surprise!
Visit Clinician's Choice
http://www.clinicianschoice.com/posecom/
Call Toll-free 800-265-3444
You can submit questions or find the right laboratory for your practice
by contacting us at:
info@optindentallab.com
855-321-OPTN
(6786)
or visit our website at:
http://www.optindentallab.com/
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It Should be Easier to Find the
Right Dental Laboratory
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OPT-In Dental Laboratory
Specialties
OPT-In Laboratories
are grouped by their specific expertise
To simplify
finding
The right laboratory for your
needs.
OPT-In
Esthetics
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Specialty in multi zone layering and internal staining with attention to
the details of vital blending, contours, anatomy and texture for the most
demanding esthetics
OPT-In
Implants
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Experience in complex implant cases,
including fixed-removable, full-mouth fixed and removable implant restorative,
milled bars, and various attachments and complex designs
OPT-In
General Practice
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Dedicated to the daily needs of general
practice and the wide variety of everyday requirements dentists face, for an
equally wide variety of clinical criteria and
budgets
OPT-In
Prosthetics and Full Mouth Reconstruction
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Expertise in removable prosthetics,
including simple and precision partial denture designs, and standard to complex
over-dentures. This group is also familiar with a variety of occlusal approaches
and
articulators used in reconstruction
OPT-In
Orthodontics
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Provides all aspects of orthodontic laboratory services from the simplest
to the most complex
Learn More about OPT-In Laboratory
Specialty & Expertise
BEGO Certified
Visit
http://www.optindentallab.com/dentists/services/choose-a-laboratory-specialities/
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BEGO Advanced Technology 2.0
Digitally Designed
Laser PFM
Copings & Milled
Ceramics
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BEGO USA's 2.0 Technology Center
Why Choose Digitally Designed Laser PFMs
Laser sintering eliminates the variables and inconsistencies of metal
castings. That's why close to 50 million Select Laser Melted (SLM) copings have
been manufactured world-wide. It eliminates waxing, investing, and casting that
are all subject to inaccuracies caused by stresses and distortion. Moreover, because
the process is CAD/CAM managed, finished products can be designed to
improve fit by dialing in margin tolerances, specific cement gaps, consistent wall thicknesses, and maintain greater density, all important factors
for porcelain strength.
Bridge is sitting upside down to illustrate the superb retention and
fit at the margins of BEGO SLM.
BEGO, the leader in SLM crown & bridge production, developed the
process over 12 years ago.
BEGO USA's 2.0 Technology Center: Now,
All-Ceramics
Technology and materials can be standardized. Unfortunately, their
management is not and is the reason all milled end products, even the same
products and brands, are not the same. BEGO Certified is different because BEGO
meets your laboratory's criteria specifications.
All laboratories relying on the BEGO 2.0 Technology Center must be
calibrated for integration accuracy. Each laboratory must run trial cases that
are examined for narrow tolerances in fit, form, and other factors prior to
becoming certified. Moreover, BEGO requires this process for each material a
laboratory offers, as a BEGO Certified Partner.
BEGO USA is now offering All-Ceramic solutions, such as BruxZir.
You can find a BEGO Certified OPT-In
Dental Laboratory in the listings, below.
Experience the Difference a BEGO Certified Lab Offers
BEGO is now
offering Semi Precious,
SLM Copings and Bridges,
The only Semi Precious SLM Bridges
available.
OPT-In Dental Laboratories are BEGO Certified
Contact us for more Information about
BEGO
2.0
Digitally Designed SLM
Copings
and All-Ceramics
info@optindentallab.com
http://begousa.com/
http://www.optindentallab.com/
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How Adhesives
Work
With so many choices, we need
to understand the variables
and what they mean.
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Adhesion and Cohesion
Two critical forces that differentiate adhesives are the ability to bond
to tooth, adhesion, and their ability to withstand internal breakdown,
cohesion.
One method of adhesion, mechanical, relies on the filling of microscopic
voids. Chemical adhesion relies on
molecular bonds that are covalent, ionic, or metallic. The first step in
adhesion is etching.
Below is unetched dentin, showing smear layer at the top, with a
dentin tubule and smear plug in the center.
Second below, shows dentin that has been etched, with demineralized
dentin having become collagen fibrils and tubules widened and funnel
shaped
It is important not to over-etch dentin. If that happens, adhesives will
fail to reach the deeper demineralized areas, and cause sensitivity. Below shows
the difference between the demineralized dentin and deeper non etched dentin.
One can understand how a relatively viscous primer would have difficulty
reaching greater depths.
Mild
etching systems only partially demineralize and form chemical bonds near the
dentin surface and within the smear layer. Systems that rely on a strong
separate etch with phosphoric acid remove the smear layer, open dentin tubules
for penetration, and lead to a deeper, 3-5 micron hybrid layer that often relies
on a functional monomer (primer), such as HEMA. Dentin is wet, making
hydrophilic HEMA a valuable ally for "wet bonding."
The Effect of Acid Etching Enamel
Etching enamel creates micro porosities in the hydroxyapetite crystals
that will be filled with resin tags. Resin
tag length will vary from 11 to 22 microns, when using 20% or 35% phosphoric
acid, respectfully. However, Shinchi, Soma, and Nakabayashi reported in 2000
that the depth of the tags had no bearing on bond strength, about 35 MPa. Enamel
should always be dry when etching.
Questions:
info@optindentallab.com
Much information was found in the thesis submitted by Gizele M.R.
Geraldeli, U of IA, 2012; Microtensile bond strength after environmental
challenge of peak SE with proteolytic inhibitor
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The photos, below, are from Pashley & Tay
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0109564100001044
UL: mild self-etch, Clearfil Mega Bond
(Kuraray).
UR: Medium Non-rinse conditioner (Dentsply, DeTrey).
BL: Low pH, one-step Prompt-L-Pop
(Espe).
Self-etching systems vary in pH, with weaker versions yielding less
enamel bond strengths. In fact, Perdigao and Geraldeli showed in 2003 that
weaker SE systems had almost no effect on enamel that was not first roughened
with a diamond bur.
Below Top: photo of phosphoric acid, "Total etched" and rinsed enamel,
with 35% and 10% phosphoric acid gels,15 and 60 seconds. Below Bottom:
phoshporic acid etch with silica. Photos from de Goes, et al
http://www.forp.usp.br/bdj/Bdj9%281%29/t0191/t0191.html
Best not to use acid gels thick with silica.
Below illustrates the differences between 35% etched not ground enamel
(top) and etched ground enamel (bottom).
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-77572006000600008
In 2009, Ermis et al, conducted a two year study of class II restorations
using using a two-step etch-and-rinse
(Single Bond, 3M ESPE), and a two-step self-etch (Clearfil SE Bond,
Kuraray). They reported similar clinical data. However, Clearfil SE Bond showed enamel margin breakdown from
the weaker enamel bonds due to inadequate etching.
In our next issue, we will explore the bonding mechanism and where things
can go wrong.
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This Newsletter is
Presented by Your
OPT-In
Dental Laboratory Cooperative
Partner
http://www.optindentallab.com/dentists/
Experience the Difference an
OPT-In Laboratory
Owner can Make
To Find the Right Dental
Laboratory Partner for Your Practice
Contact
Us
info@optindentallab.com
855-321-OPTN
(6786)
Next month we will discuss
restorative materials & more.
|
Proud OPT-In
Members
Creating Excellence, Partnering in Growth
OPT-In Dental Laboratories...Always Aware of the Clinical
Challenges You Face
Call Today and Experience
the Difference
Ask for the OPT-In Laboratory Specialty You Need Most
All OPT-In
Members own small Dental Laboratories
Dedicated to
the successes of the
dentists they serve,
The unique needs
of each practice, and
Tailored to the individual needs of each patient.
AZ Steve
Dearien
Sundance Dental
Laboratory
877-429-3543 |
CA Marc Gerstel
Seabridge
Dental Lab
805-985-3189 |
CA Steve Killian, CDT
Killian Dental Ceramics, Inc.
949-733-3111 |
CO Pedro Vargas, CDT
Logic Dental Solutions
303-933-9263 |
FL Rick Sonntag RDT, AACD
4Points Dental Designs, Inc.
(727) 329-8981 |
IL Jeff Null,
CDT
Rock Creek Dental
Ceramics
618-632-2237 |
KY Marvin Janes, CDT
Janes Denture Services
270-932-3810 |
MD Adam Ben-Zev
Triple Crown Dental, Inc.
410-371-3885 |
MI Rob Teachout, CDT
Patriot Dental Lab
989-257-2237 |
MN Todd Mayclin, CDT
Mayclin Dental Studio, Inc.
952-926-1809 |
MN Tom Dippel
Mississippi/Minnesota Dental Lab
917-747-7519 |
NY David Birnbaum
MobilTeK Labs, LLC
651-457-5380 |
NY Boris Lezaja, MDT
Boris Dental Lab, Inc.
516-864-2515 |
OR Mark Hidde, CDT
Rogue Valley Dental Arts, Inc.
541-779-6503 |
PA Jim Spangler, CDT
Select Dental
Studio
717-578-6320 |
PA Rick
Knect
RGK Dental Lab,
Inc
814-445-7561 |
PA Michael Young, MDT,Joe Young
Young Dental Lab, Inc.,
CDL
215-334-8888 |
PA Mark Walter, II, MDT
Smile Renovation
Studio
570-687-0049 |
PA Jim
Bostelle
Paramount
Prosthetics
610-565-5868 |
TN Dennis King
King Dental Arts Studio, Inc
423-573-9200 |
VA Larry & Hal Clukey
ServeDent Ceramics
757-422-8670 |
VA Aubrey Williams
Quality Dental Lab, Inc.
757-497-8211 |
UT Marva, CDT, & Michele Lotsher
Colourtec, Inc.
801-966 8260 |
VT Bryan Booth
Booth Dental Lab,
Inc.
802-234-4087 |
WA Mike
Dominguez, CDT/TB
Kymata Dental Studio Arts,
Inc
206-683-9484 |
WA Tim Trosvig
Trosvig Dental
425-257-1176 |
WI Kay
Hayden
EC Cheml,
Inc.
800-826-6989 |
GA Douglas Dental Lab
In Dental
Office
Private |
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About the Author
Dr. Dean Mersky practiced general
dentistry 26 years in Manhattan Beach, CA before spending 7
years as director of clinical communication for the
Captek Company. Dr Mersky has been a dental lab implant coordinator, a national speaker, authored over a dozen
published articles, is a regular on DentalTown.com. He
launched OPT-In Management, LLC, in 2012, to help
owners of small dental laboratories better understand dentists and the many
clinical and business pressures facing today's private practice clinicians.
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